large partnerships Archives | TAX CONTROVERSY 360

IRS roundup: March 23 – March 31, 2026

by Kai M. Fenty | Apr 3, 2026 | Court Procedure Matters, IRS Audits, Significant Court Decision, Transfer Pricing Resource, Trial Courts

Check out our summary of significant Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidance and relevant tax matters for March 23, 2026 – March 31, 2026.

March 23, 2026: A US Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) report found that the IRS’s approach to auditing large partnerships has been ineffective due to resource constraints and inefficient selection processes, resulting in missed audit opportunities before the statute of limitations expired. The report highlighted delays caused by duplicative review steps, prompting TIGTA to recommend improvements to streamline procedures and better target high-risk partnerships.

March 30, 2026: The IRS released its annual Advance Pricing Agreement (APA) report for 2025, summarizing the operations of the Advance Pricing and Mutual Agreement Program and transfer pricing agreement trends. The report shows that 178 APA applications were filed and 110 APAs were executed in 2025, with 622 cases pending at year-end, reflecting continued demand for advance certainty in transfer pricing. Bilateral APAs remained the dominant category, and a significant portion of cases involved jurisdictions such as India (26%) and Japan (24%) for filings, with similar trends reflected in executed agreements.

The report further indicates that most APAs covered intercompany service transactions, and the comparable profits method/transactional net margin method was used in approximately 86% of cases involving tangible and intangible property, with the operating margin as the most common profit level indicator. The average time to complete an APA was approximately 44 months overall (about 50 months for new bilateral APAs), and the typical APA term averaged six years, often including rollback years to prior tax periods.

The IRS also released its weekly list of written determinations (e.g., Private Letter Rulings, Technical Advice Memorandums, and Chief Counsel Advice).

Recent court decisions

March 26, 2026: The Tax Court held that taxpayers involved in a micro-captive insurance arrangement were liable for a 40% accuracy-related penalty under Internal Revenue Code (Code) § 6662(i) because the transaction lacked economic substance and was not adequately disclosed. The Court analyzed economic substance within the meaning of Code § 7701(o). The Court found that the arrangement did not meaningfully change the taxpayers’ economic position, involved a circular flow of funds among related entities, and was undertaken primarily to obtain tax benefits.

The Court noted that a “circular flow of funds among related entities” may be a strong indication that a transaction lacks economic substance. The Court further emphasized that the taxpayers failed to satisfy the adequate disclosure requirements under Code § 6662(i)(2), judging that merely reporting an “insurance” deduction without providing details of the micro-captive structure was insufficient for alerting the IRS to the potential issue.

March 26, 2026: The Tax Court rejected a $180 million conservation easement deduction, finding that the partnership’s valuation exceeded the property’s actual value and imposing a 40% gross valuation misstatement penalty. The Court rejected the taxpayer’s income-based valuation, which it considered “inherently speculative and unreliable,” and instead relied on comparable sales to determine a substantially lower value.

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IRS Announces New Audit Initiative Focused on Jet Airplane Usage

by Kevin Spencer and Evan Walters | Mar 1, 2024 | IRS Audits

On February 21, 2024, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) announced a new initiative to audit the use of airplanes by corporations, large partnerships and high-net-worth individuals. While the IRS has always examined plane usage, this new focus aligns with recent IRS messaging that corporations and high-income taxpayers are not paying their “fair share” of tax and have been subject to “historically low audit rates.” The IRS will use some of its Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 funding to step up its enforcement efforts in this area.

Indeed, the IRS has been keeping score and publicly sharing their successes in collecting tax from millionaire taxpayers. We have also previously reported on the IRS’s strengthened enforcement plans thanks to its newfound funding.

The IRS’s airplane usage audit initiative will focus on allocations between business and personal use, which highlights several potential tax issues, including:

Limitations on deductions per Internal Revenue Code Section 274
Limitations on deprecation and recapture under Internal Revenue Code Section 280F
Whether the value of a flight is income to the passenger and/or guests (See Reg. §1.61-21).

Practice Point: If you have an airplane and claimed tax deductions for its use and ownership, you should prepare for an IRS examination. What can you do now? First and foremost, you should maintain meticulous records that fully substantiate the business use of the plane. For example, adding more detail about what the plane was used for, how it was used, and tying its use to a business purpose will be key to winning over an IRS auditor. Second, make sure the maintenance and flight log records are up to date and correct. Also, although not directly related to the recently announced IRS’s audit initiative, do not forget to ensure compliance with Federal Aviation Administration regulations and sales tax, use tax, and federal excise tax considerations, particularly if you decide to reorganize the ownership or organizational structure of an entity that owns an aircraft.

IRS Official Provides Update on Large Partnership Compliance Audits

by Kevin Spencer and McDermott Will & Schulte | Sep 23, 2022 | IRS Audits, IRS Guidance, Tax Refunds

Almost 11 months ago, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) released a memorandum regarding the implementation of the Large Partnership Compliance (LPC) Pilot Program, including the identification, selecting and delivery of large partnership tax returns, exam procedures and feedback. The goal of the LPC program is to identify the largest partnership cases and develop improved methods for identifying and assessing the compliance risks presented by these taxpayers. Large partnerships include those with more than $10 million in assets, and such partnerships are subject to data analytics and classification processes. Audits of these large partnerships are conducted by the Large Business & International (LB&I) division.

The LPC program was discussed at the recent Tax Executives Institute conference in New York. IRS officials noted that 50 large partnerships have been selected for the first round of audits, focusing on the 2019 tax year. The IRS currently is undecided as to whether LB&I plans to audit subsequent year returns for the selected partnerships, but likely will not subject such partnerships to a continuous audit process that is used for many large corporate taxpayers.

An interesting discussion took place at the conference related to whether IRS revenue agents will share with the selected partnerships the risk level assigned to their partnership return and which issues will be examined. (Risk assessment and identification of issues are generally included in audit plans for corporate taxpayers, although the level of risk may not necessarily be disclosed.) Currently, some agents are providing such information to selected partnerships but there is no consensus or standard practice at the audit level.

Practice Point: The IRS has made it well known that large partnerships are on their radar and there is a need to focus on these audits to ensure taxpayer compliance. In our experience, revenue agents tend to be more transparent in audits of large taxpayers when it comes to the issues under examination, but it would be a welcome development if the IRS announced at the outset of the audit more standard procedures for informing taxpayers of the risk levels assigned. As the LPC program continues, we are hopeful that the IRS will decide to share more data with the public. We expect an increase in audit activity as a result of additional funding received by the IRS, and it appears that the IRS will focus those efforts on large partnerships.