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IRS Issues IPU on Corporate Inversions

by | Jul 7, 2016 | , , ,

On June 7, 2016 , the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) released an LB&I International Practice Unit (IPU), providing high-level guidance to IRS field examiners on the application of the anti-inversion rules of Internal Revenue Code section 7874 and certain of the regulations and notices issued thereunder (see here). The IPU notes that it is meant to provide only high-level conceptual guidance, and that many aspects of the highly complex notices and regulations recently issued in this area are beyond the scope of the IPU. Some of these issues will be addressed in future IPUs.

This high-level guidance to field examiners signals the IRS’s continued focus on international tax issues.



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Supreme Court Issues Opinion Addressing Interplay between APA Procedural Compliance and Chevron Difference

by | Jul 6, 2016 | , ,

In Encino Motorcars, LLC v. Navarro, Sup. Ct. No. 15-415 (June 20, 2016), the Supreme Court of the United States invalidated a regulation issued by the US Department of Labor (DOL) under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). In doing so, it affirmed long-standing precedent regarding the procedural requirements of the Administrative Procedures Act (APA) and addressed the effect of noncompliance with those requirements on the deference, if any, courts must afford agency pronouncements. Thus, even though it is not a tax case, it is likely to have an effect on cases in which taxpayers argue that a treasury regulation is invalid.

The Court’s holding here is based upon an agency’s unexplained change in a long-standing position. The FLSA requires employers to pay overtime compensation to covered employees who work more than 40 hours in a given week. It exempts from this requirement “any salesman, partman, or mechanic primarily engaged in selling or servicing automobiles” at a covered dealership. From 1978 to 2011, the DOL’s position was that such employees were exempt from the overtime-pay rule. This position was set forth in a number of published pronouncements, including proposed regulations in 2008. However, when the regulations were finalized in 2011, the DOL took the opposite position. In a suit brought by a number of service advisors against a dealership for overtime pay, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit resolved the matter by giving Chevron deference to the DOL’s interpretation embodied in the 2011 regulations, holding for the plaintiff employees. The Supreme Court majority denied Chevron deference and remanded the case to the Ninth Circuit for further proceedings on the meaning of the underlying statutory language. (more…)



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Commissioner Files Opening Brief in Ninth Circuit Appeal of Altera

by | Jul 5, 2016 | , , , ,

In Altera Corp. v. Commissioner, 145 T.C. No. 3 (July 27, 2015), the Tax Court, in a unanimous reviewed opinion, held that regulations under Section 482 requiring parties to a qualified cost-sharing agreement (QCSA) to include stock-based compensation costs in the cost pool to comply with the arm’s-length standard were procedurally invalid because the US Deparment of Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) did not engage in the “reasoned decisionmaking” required by the Administrative Procedures Act and the cases interpreting it. For a discussion of the Tax Court’s Altera opinion, see our prior On the Subject. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue (Commissioner) appealed this holding to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals; he filed his opening brief on June 27, 2016.

According to the Commissioner, the Tax Court’s holding was based on several related errors: (1) the Tax Court mistakenly concluded that promulgation of the QCSA regs required the IRS to engage in an “essentially empirical” analysis; (2) this led the court to apply the wrong standard; (3) in its analysis, the court relied heavily on its holding in Xilinx, Inc. v. Commissioner, 125 T.C. 37 (2005), that analysis of QCSAs must comport with the arm’s-length standard, meaning that a taxpayer can defend a QCSA by reference to comparable behavior between unrelated parties; and (4) the Tax Court failed to take into account that the finalization of the new QCSA regulations worked a “change in the legal landscape,” which should have altered the court’s analysis of the new regulations’ validity. Moreover, “the coordinating amendments [to the existing QCSA regulations] supersede [the Ninth Circuit’s] understanding of the arm’s-length standard as reflected in its own Xilinx opinion.” (more…)



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IRS Issues New Procedures to IRS Appeals for Requesting Assistance from Exam in Docketed Tax Court Case

by , , and | Jul 1, 2016 | , , ,

On June 24, 2016, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issued a memorandum (AP-08-0616-0003, available here) to the IRS Appeals Division (Appeals) providing new, uniform procedures for requesting assistance from the Examination Division (Exam) in docketed Tax Court cases. The guidance implements standard procedures that would treat petitioners similarly. Currently, when petitioners provide new information to Appeals that was not previously considered by Exam, Appeals requests Exam’s assistance based on local procedures, which sometimes result in disparate treatment of petitioners. The guidance is effective on August 29, 2016.

Under the new procedures, Appeals will send a request for Exam’s assistance if Appeals determines that the new information merits additional analysis or investigation. If Exam approves the request, an Exam Agent may recommend changes to the proposed adjustment, including an increase in tax, based upon the new information. Appeals, however, is not required to adhere to Exam’s recommendations. Where acceptance of the Exam Agent’s recommended changes results in a new issue or an increased deficiency, the IRS generally must bear the burden of proof on such changes from the notice of deficiency pursuant to Tax Court Rule 142. If Exam denies the request, Appeals will consider settlement offers based on all information in the case file, and the probative value of the new information.

 



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Tax Bar Has Serious and Substantial Comments to the Proposed IRC Section 385 Regulations

by and | Jul 1, 2016 | , ,

On April 4, 2016, the Internal Revenue Service and the US Department of the Treasury issued proposed regulations pursuant to Internal Revenue Code (IRC) section 385 addressing whether an interest in a related corporation is treated as stock or indebtedness for US federal income tax purposes (Proposed Regulations). On June 29, 2016, both the DC Bar Taxation Section and the New York State Bar Association Tax Section submitted comments on the Proposed Regulations. Both Tax Sections urged Treasury not to finalize the Proposed Regulations. The DC Bar Taxation Section letter can be found here and the New York State Bar Association Tax Section letter can be found here.

The Proposed Regulations have been met with substantial criticism by the tax bar and taxpayers alike. The Proposed Regulations would have a significant impact on intercompany debt of multinational groups and could, if finalized in their proposed form, force major changes in the way that taxpayers conduct routine business.



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CbC Reporting Is Here to Stay! Treasury Issues Final Regs

by | Jun 30, 2016 | , ,

As anticipated in our earlier post, Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting is finally here! On Wednesday, the US Department of the Treasury released final regulations for CbC reporting, effective June 30, 2016. The final regulations apply to any US person who is the “ultimate parent” of a multinational enterprise group that has annual revenue for the preceding year of at least $850 million. For tax years beginning after June 30, 2016, taxpayers subject to the final regulations will be required to file a new Form 8975 Country-by-Country Report with their US federal income tax returns. CbC reporting will likely change the disclosure landscape for entities operating in multiple countries.



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IRS Wages ‘Campaigns’ against Taxpayers

by , and | Jun 29, 2016 | , , ,

Late last year, the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS’s) Large Business and International (LB&I) division announced that it would restructure its organization. The restructuring was precipitated by shrinking resources and a shifting environment. A primary feature of the restructuring is the end of the continuous audit program (where the IRS audits a large taxpayer year after year for decades) and a move to an issue focused, coordinated attack—to wit, the new IRS “Campaign” methodology. Although this program is clearly in its infancy, practitioners are starting to see how the IRS is implementing their latest project.

In essence, IRS campaigns are a centralized risk identification strategy. The IRS has leveraged its knowledge throughout its system, identified the most serious tax issues and allocated its resources to those issues. The emphasis then, is off specific taxpayers and on to specific tax issues. (more…)



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IRS Publishes IPU on Penalties for Failure to Report Transfer of Property to a Foreign Corporation

by and | Jun 16, 2016 | , ,

On June 14, 2016, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) published an International Practice Unit (IPU) on the monetary penalty for failing to file Form 926, Return by a U.S. Transferor of Property to a Foreign Corporation (available here).  Under IRC section 6038B(a)(1)(A), a US person who transfers property to a foreign corporation in an exchange described in IRC sections 332, 351, 354, 355 or 361 is required to file Form 926 and accompanying information with the IRS.  The Form 926 and accompanying information must be filed with the US person’s income tax return for the taxable year that includes the date of the transfer.

Failure to comply with the reporting requirements (e.g., failure to timely file a Form 926 or providing false or inaccurate information) can result in a penalty equal to 10 percent of the fair market value of the transferred property for which there was a failure to comply, up to $100,000.  However, the penalty is not limited if the failure to furnish was due to intentional disregard.  The penalty may be waived if the US person demonstrates that the failure to comply was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.  If there is a failure to comply, the statute of limitations on assessment of tax for the year of noncompliance potentially remains open until three years after the date on which the required information is provided.

The IPU contains detailed instructions to IRS revenue agents for purposes of examining this issue and determining whether to assert a penalty.  In our experience, the IRS in recent years has been more aggressive in asserting penalties for failure to comply with information reporting requirements and has imposed a heavy burden on taxpayers to demonstrate that the reasonable cause exception applies.  This IPU states that additional IPUs on information reporting penalties in other situations (e.g., failure to file Form 5471, issues associated with offshore bank accounts and check-the-box rules for foreign entities) will be forthcoming.  Given the increased focus on penalties in this area and statute of limitations issues, taxpayers subject to these information reporting requirements should ensure that they are complying with the IRS rules in this area.



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Tax Court Adopts Rules for Judicial Conduct and Judicial Disability Complaints

by and | Jun 15, 2016 | , ,

In a June 14, 2016 press release (available here), Chief Judge L. Paige Marvel of the United States Tax Court announced the adoption of rules for judicial conduct and judicial disability complaints.  The rules conform with the Rules for Judicial Conduct and Judicial Disability Proceedings promulgated by the Judicial Conference of the United States.  Links to the rules can be found here.

On a somewhat related point, at least one taxpayer has filed a motion for reconsideration related to an unfavorable ruling made by former Judge Diane L. Kroupa.  It remains to be seen how the Tax Court will deal with that motion and the fall-out from Judge Kroupa’s criminal indictment for tax evasion while she was a Tax Court judge.  Prior coverage of Judge Kroupa’s indictment for tax evasion can be found here.



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Tax Court Rules in Favor of Medtronic in Transfer Pricing Case Against IRS

by and | Jun 10, 2016 | , , ,

At least a partial taxpayer victory in the Medtronic case, T.C. Memo. 2016-112. The Tax Court held that Medtronic met its burden of showing the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) abused its discretion by  making arbitrary and capricious Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 482 reallocations with respect to taxable income of Medtronic’s Puerto Rico subsidiary. It further concluded that the IRS’s use of the comparable profits method is not required under the IRC Section 482 commensurate with income standard. Although the Tax Court found the taxpayer’s royalty rates established using the comparable uncontrolled transaction method to be unreasonable, the court undertook to determine the proper allocations itself, and made two significant adjustments to the taxpayer’s royalty rates. Finally, the court rejected the IRS’s alternative allocation that intangibles were transferred under IRC Section 367(d).



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